Interesting listen, and a subject I can relate to as life keeps me from playing these games as much as I used to. And frankly, the "board game length" games feels a bit more satisfying in being efficient with my time.
Regarding short Civilization games I did try Polytopia a while back on phones, and that did scratch that itch a bit. Apparently it's now also on PC: https://store.steampowered.com/app/874390/The_Battle_of_Polytopia/